Ausgewählte Beiträge des Mobilitätstages 2019
Mobility@Chair of Urban Development
Alain Thierstein, Fabian Wenner
Lehrstuhl für Raumentwicklung / Fakultät für Architektur
A B S T R A C T
The accessibility of people, jobs, and public services in a short time is one of the most significant, self-reinforcing drivers of urban development: places that allow it to reach many options are in demand as residential areas and business locations. Accessible, dense, and mixed-use neighbourhoods are also an aim in urban planning, as they are assumed to help create shorter and more environmentally friendly commutes and to ensure the efficiency of public facilities.
Conurbations such as the Metropolitan Region of Munich are increasingly suffering from an overheating of housing markets while their transport systems are overstrained. Despite recent innovations in private transport (engine technologies, sharing, automation), improving public transport services in metropolitan areas remains one of the most sustainable solutions to these problems.
After a long break, a number of new major transport projects in this area are currently being implemented in the Munich Metropolitan Region, especially the second S-Bahn trunk line ("Zweite Stammstrecke") for express trains, and the "Erdinger Ringschluss", which will connect the region east of Munich to the airport. Further projects are under construction or in planning.
These transport projects will reconfigure the "accessibility landscape" in the metropolitan region of Munich. The city centre of Munich suddenly becomes more accessible from municipalities that have previously been poorly connected. The travel time from Geltendorf to Marienplatz for example will be halved. The centre of Munich will be accessible to even more people in even less time. In other places accessibility will hardly change. What do these changes mean for future spatial development in the Metropolitan Region of Munich? Which places will be attractive for which users in the future? How can the emergence of pure commuter towns without genuine urbanity be prevented, also against the background of current scientific findings on commuting behaviour and the choice of residential locations of households?
In a first step, the project has collected statistical data for the over 500 rail-bound public transport stations in the Metropolitan Region of Munich. Among the data collected is accessibility data (i.e. how many people can be reached in which time from each station), the change of accessibility until 2028, the re-densification and new construction potential in a 700-meter radius around the stations, as well the balance of different uses (residential, commercial) in this area. Based on a cluster analysis of this data, the stations were divided into seven groups of similar characteristics and thus similar policy recommendations. The station "Munich-Langwied", shown in the example, is categorized in the "Suburban Places" cluster, for which modest compaction with a focus on mixed-use development and a consistent reorientation of the urban density to the public transport access points is recommended. Finally, a strategic urban design was developed for the station area to visualize the proposal for a concrete case. This design has focused on the immediate access to the station (barrier-free access, security, revitalization) as well as on re-use concepts for adjacent industrial brownfields for modern commercial production and dense residential development in a (sub-)urban context.